Block-signal apparatus.



No. 838,495. PATBNTED. DEM-11, 1906. A. BEVAN.

BLOCK SIGNAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED 0OT.25, 1906. I

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'PATBNTED DEC. 11, 1906.

I LBEVAN.

BLOCK SIGNAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED 0OT.25, 19 06.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

n1: NORRIS PETERS co., WASHINGTON, n. c.

No. 838,495. PATENTED DEC. 11, 1906. A.YBEVAN. BLOGK. SIGNAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.25, 1906.

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PATENTED'DEG. 11, 1906;

A. BEVAN.

BLOCK SIGNAL APPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED 001 .25, 1906.

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No.8 38, 195. PATENTED DEG. 11,1906.

' A.BEVAN.

BLOCK SIGNAL APPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED 00125, 1906.

A 6 SHEETS-SHEET a.

UNITED sTA gs PATENT OFFICE.

ALEXANDER BEVAN, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

BLOCK-SIGNAL APPARATUS.

Original application filed February 10, 1906, Serial No. 300,399- Divided and this application filed October 25, 1906. Serial No. 340,470.

To all whom, it may concern: Be it known that I, ALEXANDER BEVAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of Providence, in the county of Providence and State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Block-Signal Apparatus, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to railway block-signaling systems, and has for its object to provide an improved device of simple, durable, and practical construction and one that will be most effective as an electrically-operated railway block-signaling system in which the signals will be actuated automatically by a passing car to indicate the presence or absence of other cars on the track-sections or blocks, signals being so arranged that they will indicate to a car entering the block whether or not the track is clear ahead and in which direction a car or cars may be moving in the block.

This signaling system is particularly adapted for use on a single track road with turnouts, each section of single track constituting what is known as a block, each end of each section being provided with a signaling apparatus, both of which apparatus are actuated at the same time to set the necessary signals when a car enters an empty block and to restore said signals to normal. conditions when the last car leaves the block.

Green or indicator lamps have been provided in the system to light and indicate to the car entering the block that the dangersignal has been set at the farther or opposite end of said block. A feature of my invention is that I have provided two of these green lamps, one of which is held in reserve and is lighted automatically when the other has been burned out or for any other cause has failed to light. I have also provided means whereby this green light shall be set or lighted by the first car entering the block and shall be caused to flash or be extinguished and then relighted by each succeeding car as it enters the block going in the same direction.

W'ith these and other objects in view the invention consists of certain novel features of construction, as will be more fully described, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 11, 1906.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the device with a portion of the case removed. Fig. 3 is a top view showing the arrangement of the green lights and the magnets for operating the semaphore. counting mechanism and arrangement of magnets which operate the same. Fig. 5 is a plan view showing the counterbalanced drum over which the chain connection is made to the magnets. drum. Fig. 7 1s a perspective view showing the pawl or ratchet as mounted by swinging connections on the armature. Fig. 8 is a detail view showing one end of the small solen- Fig. 4 is a top view showing the Fig. 6 is an end view of said 6 5 oid-magnet that serves to make the connection to the reserve green and red lamps when the first lamps burn out. Fig. 9 is an end view of this magnet. Fig. 10 1s a detail view illustrating the switch-arm and the fingers that serve as a contact or connection to the 7 5 same. Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the wiring oi the system. Fig. 12 1s a detail illustrating the limit or stop lugs on the are provided on either end of this 8 Fig. 13

together upon a single armature 11 and are 0 energized by the incoming cars. At 5 and 6 is another similar pair of magnets which act upon another armature 12 and are operated by the outgoing cars. All four of these magnets are supported on the bracket 7, which 5 bracket is bolted to the base to support this mechanism. These armaturesare made in a long bar form and are preferably mounted on, rearwardly-extending arms 8 8, that are pro-.

vided with downwardly-extending ears 9 9, 1

through which ears the armatures are supported on and hinged through the little brackets 10 10 on each of the pair of magnets that control the same. Supported onthe armature 11 (see Fig. 7) is the member 13, on which the pawl 14 is hung by means of the pivoted links and 16. At 14 is the stoppin that limits the backward swing of the pawl and prevents the same from slipping off of the ratchet-teeth while being drawn down by the magnet, and so prevents said ratchet from moving more than one step by a single operation of the magnet. At 17 is a duplicate pawl similarly hung and supported on the armature 12 from the other pair of magnets 5 and 6. At 18 is a ratchet-wheel with its teeth on opposite halves standing in opposite directions. This wheel is mounted on and fixed to a revoluble shaft 19, on which shaft is also mounted and fixed the detent 20 and switch-lever-operating finger 2 1.

The detent-pawl 22 is held against the detent-wheel 20 by the tension-spring 23, preventing the same from turning in either direction when the ratchets are not being acted upon by either of the magnets. At 24 and 25 are springs attached to a cross-bar 25 supported from the frame, that connect to the free ends of the pawls 14 and 17 and serve to draw them forward or toward the ratchet-wheel, which forward motion is limited by the limit-lugs 15 and 16*, (see Fig. 12,) and at the same time these springs hold said pawls normally out of contact with the ratchet-wheel 18 and against their stop-pins 26 and 27 after being released by the mage nets. 28 is a switch-bar pivoted at 29 to a suitable supporting-frame. The upper end of this bar is grooved to receive the lower end of the operating-finger 21, and the longitudihally-extejnding portion of this switch-bar is adapted to be moved into and out of contact with the contact-fingers 30, that are mounted on the insulating-block 31. Said switchbaris held both in and out of contact with the fingers 30 by means of the spring 64, that draws first one side and then the other of the center 29. When the switch-bar 28 is thrown down into contact with the fingers 30, the circuit is completed to raise the target 32 by mechanism hereinafter described. At 33 is a pair of electromagnets known as the plunger type of magnet, that is supported on the bracket 34. The plungers or cores 35 in these magnets are connected at their upper ends by means of chains 36 or other suitable flexible connection to each end of a drum 37', which drum is pivoted at both ends at 38 to suitable supporting-standards 39. At 44 on the drum is the heavy counterbalance-Weight to assist in balancing the weight of the plunger. Supported on this drum by means of the arm 40 is the oscillating signal-disk or semaphore 32. This semaphore 32 is made in the form to resemble a banjo or target and is provided with a single disk in the center of which is a transparent red glass or other suitable transparent material with a broad outer rim or border, also colored red, the transparent center being to show the color by night and the rim or border of the disk displays the danger-signal by day and is arranged to show a car entering the block through the aperture 64 in the case.

At is a pair of incandescent lamps 49 49 that shine through the colored transparent center. But one of these lamps is lighted at a time, the other being a reserve lamp, which is automatically lighted by mechanism hereinafter described when the first light burns out or for anyreason fails to light. Connected at the pivoting-point of this drum is the switch-arm 41, which arm is attached through the insulation 42 to the drum to be operated by the movement of the same. This arm 41 connects with the fingers 43 when the semaphore is down and completes the circuit to light one of the green or indicator lamps in the'box at the opposite end of the block. The current passes to this switch-arm through the connector 46 and flexible fingers 47, which fingers lie against the pivot-pin 48 (see Figs. 5 and 10) and by this frictional contact connection allows the arm to oscillate freely and at the same time form a permanent connection to the source of energy through the said pivot-pin and connector 46. When the magnets 33 are denergized, the semaphore 32 falls by its own gravity from the dotted position to the position in front of the pair of incandescent lamps 49 49 as indicated by the full lines shown in the drawings in Fig. 2, thus carrying the switch-arm 41 over onto the contact 43 to light one of the pair of green lamps 50 50 in the box at the other end of the block, the wiring for which will be herei-nafter described. At 51 and 52 are two solenoid-magnets that control the lighting of these extra or reserve lamps. Solenoid 51 is connected in series with one of the pair of green lamps, so that as the circuit is com pletedthrough the lamp 50 the solenoid is energized and the core is held in its out position. The core of each magnet 51 52 is pro vided with a cross-piece or contact-bar 53, insulated in any preferredmanner from the core and from the circuits. This cross-piece will bridge the contactposts 54 and 55, establishing electrical connection between them to complete the circuit to the reserve lamp when the solenoid is deenergized by reason of the current failing for any cause to pass through the lamp which was originally lighted Thus any failure of the current to pass through lamp 50 causes the solenoidcore 51 to drop and automatically close the circuit to lamp 50 The same condition exists with the solenoid 52, which is in circuit with the red lamps 49 and 49**, whereby when lamp 49 is burned out lamp 49 is automatically lighted.

Another and important feature in the operation of my device is the construction or method of hanging the pawls 14 and 17,

whereby I increase the efiective stroke of the same by means of the swinging action of the link connection. It is well known in the operation of magnets that the magnetic force decreases as the square of the distance of the armature from the pole. Therefore it is of utmost importance to make the stroke of the armature as short as possible. As best illustrated in Figs. 12 and 13, it will be seen that when the pawl is in its upward and forward position the link 16 is straight up, raising the front end of the pawl to its highest point. At the same time link 15 at the rear of the pawl is thrown downat an angle to drop this rear end, thereby raising the forward end to a still greater height.

Then the magnet is energized and the armature drawn downward, the end of this pawl engages the teeth of the ratchet-wheel and asit approaches the center of the same is naturally carried backward to the position illustrated in Fig. 15, in which position, it will be noted, the rear end of the pawl has been raised to its maximum height by the erection of the link 15, while the forward end has been dropped by the swinging of its links 16, thereby imparting a considerably increased movement to theratchet wheel without sacrificing leverage or stroke of the armature.

The operation of the apparatus and circuitwiring of the system, as illustrated in Fig. 11, may be more fully described as follows: This system of signaling is more particularly adapted to be located at the turnouts of a single-track road, each section of single track constituting a block, and at each end of this single-track section is located a signal apparatus. WVhen a car enters the block from the right, the trolley-wheel (not shown) comes in contact with and operates a switchlever 56. This switch-lever may be constructed in any desired form and mounted on or near the trolley-wire 57 and'is arranged to complete the circuit in either direction, being actuated by the passing car. As the le ver is thrown to the contact 58 it makes a connection through wire 59 (see Fig. 11) to energize the pair of setting-magnets 3 and 4 and cause the switch-bar 28 to break the electrical connection with the contactfingers 30, denergize the magnets 33, and allows the target or semaphore 32 to fall to the danger position, (see Fig. 2,) where it may be seen through the aperture 64 in the casing. As this target falls it also causes the switchbar 41 to make an electrical connection with the fingers 43, thus closing the circuit to the green lamp in the box at the other end of the block, the current passing to the ground through wire 60 and switch 61. Said switch is held normally closed, as illustrated at the right in Fig. 1 1, and is only opened to flash the green lamp, in which position it is shown at the left in Fig. 11. This green lamp is a cantionary signal and shows through the aperture 63 in the casing either day or night at the entering end of the block to notify the car that the danger-signal at the opposite end of the block has been set. Thisgreen light, as can be seen from the construction of the apparatus, can only be lighted when the danger-signal is set at the opposite end of the block.

WVhen more than one car enters the block from the same direction, the pair of magnets 3 and 4 are energized and through the mech anism described above turns back the finger 21 a step each time a car enters after the signals have been set, and this finger is returned again by the clearing-magnets 5 and 6 a step toward its normal position each time a car leaves the block until but a single car re mains on the block. When the last car passes out, the finger 21 engages and throws.

the switch-arm 28 to complete a comiection through fingers 30 and energize the magnets 33 33 to draw in their plungers and raise the target out of the danger position to clear the signals, and at the same time the connection of arm 41 with fingers 43 is broken to extinguish the green light in the box at the opposite end of the block. It will be noted in this connection that the plunger-magnet exerts a gradually-increasing power in moving the target, said power increasing in proportion to the increase of leverage as the target is raised, thereby insuring a smooth and uniform movement and avoiding shocks which result in injury to the parts. The cores of these magnets are also so arranged as to exert a straight pull, and there being no unnecessary lateral play in the cores losses of power by leakage are avoided.

A feature of the invention is the construction by which the connection to the green lamps is broken for a short period when each car after the first one enters the block, thus showing to said entering car the flashing of the green or indicator lamps, which flashing indicates that the mechanism has again been operated. The flashing is caused by the finger 61, that is withdrawn from the contacts 62 when the magnets 3 and 4 are ener 'ized by an entering car to draw downward t e pawl 14. This pawl 14 remains in this down position (inwhich position it is illustrated in Fig. 2) as long as the contact-box which is operated by the trolley of the incoming car remains in contact, which is but a few seconds.

The providing of a reserve lamp for both the cautionary and the danger signals is a very essential feature, as a lamp is liable at any time to burn out and cause the system to apperar as if inoperative; but by the use of my device the reserve lamp is at once and automatically lighted by the breaking of the circuit in the first lamp and the system continues operative as if nothing has happened. Vhen it is noticed that the first lamp is not lighted, the same is replaced by a new one, which lamp then operates the solenoid automatically to break the circuit to the reserve lamp and cause the first one to be lightedseen that the danger-signal atthe distant end of the block is set first and then the signal at the entering end is set only after the signal at the distant end is in position. The signal at the entering end thus affords a true indication that the system is in working order and that the signal at the distant end has been set to prevent the entrance of a car onto the block from the opposite direction.

My method of wiring provides that in case of a break in the connection or that the apparatus should get out of order the danger-' signal will be set automatically, and should this danger-indicating target for any reason fail to fall into the danger position then the green or indicating lamp at the entering end of the block will not be set, and the failure of this lamp to light will indicate to the approaching car that the signaling device is out of order or that there is danger ahead.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A signal comprising a target, a supporting-drum therefor, a plunger-magnet the plunger of which is directly connected to said drum, means for preventing lateral play of said plunger, means for automatically closing the circuit to said magnet whereby the target is raised, means for automatically breaking the circuit to said magnet, a signal-lamp, and a circuit-closer carried by said drum for closing the circuit to said lamp.

2. A signal comprising a target, a supporting-drum therefor, a plunger-magnet the plunger of which is directly connected to said drum, means for preventing lateral play of said plunger, means for automatically closing the circuit to said magnet, whereby the target is raised, means for automatically closing the circuit to said magnet, signallamps at opposite ends of the block, oppositelydisposed 7 contacts controlling said lamps, and a contact-arm carried by said drum for alternately engaging said first-mentioned contacts as the target is operated, to close the respective circuits of said lamps.

3. An electric signal comprising a casing having a signal-opening, a plurality of electric lamps arranged to illuminate said opening, one of said lamps being normally lighted,

and means including a contact disconnected from the circuits to the lamps for closing the circuit to a new lamp when the circuit to the lighted lamp is broken.

4. An electric signal comprising a plurality of signal-lampsgrouped together, one of said lamps being normally lighted, and a contact independent of and disconnected from the circuits to automatically close the circuit to a new lamp when the circuit to the lighted lamp is broken.

5. An electric signal comprising a plurality of electric lamps grouped together, one of said lamps being normally lighted, and an electromagnetic device provided with a contact member disconnected from and independent of the circuits to close the circuit to a new lamp when the circuit to the lighted lamp is broken.

6. An electric signal comprising apair of electric lamps one of which is normally lighted, the other lamp being provided with separated contacts, an independent contact insu lated from the lamp-circuits, and means for causing said insulated contact to bridge the first-mentioned contacts when the circuit to the lighted lamp is broken.

7. Anelectric signal comprising .a pair of electric lamps, one of said lampsbeing normally lighted the other lamp being provided with separated contacts, an independent contact insulated from the lamp-circuits, and an electromagnetic device for automatically causing said insulated contact to bridge the first-mentioned contacts when the circuit to the lighted lamp is broken.

8. A signal comprising a casing having a signal-opening therein, a target, an electromagnetic device ior holding said target in a normally inoperative position, a plurality of indicatordamps arranged to illuminate said opening, means whereby one of said lamps will be lighted when the target falls, a solenoid, a contact-bar supported upon and insulated from the core of the solenoid, and

means whereby said core will fall by gravity v and cause said bar to complete the circuit to another lamp of the group when the circuit through the first lamp is broken.

9. An electric signal comprising a casing provided with a signal-opening, a target, an electromagnetic device for holding the target in a normally inoperative position, a plurality of lamps arranged to illuminate said open ing, means whereby one lamp will be lighted when the target moves to inoperative posi tion, an electromagnetic device, and means operated by said electromagnetic device and disconnected from the circuits to complete the circuit and light a second lamp automatically when the circuit through one is broken.

10. An electric signal comprising a transparent target, an electromagnet for holding the target in a normally inoperative position, a plurality of signal-lamps'a'rranged in line to throw light through said target, a solenoid-Inagnet in circuit with one of said lamps, means for denergizing said solenoid to allow its core to fall when the circuit through the first lamp is broken, and means disconnected from the lamp-circuits and op- 11. A signal comprising a target provided with a transparent portion, an electromag netic device to hold the target in a normally inoperative position, a plurality of dangersignal lamps all arranged to throw their light through the transparent portion of said target, a plurality of indicator-signal lamps, means whereby one of said indicator-lamps will be lighted when the target moves to operative position, an electromagnetic device in circuit with one lamp of each group, a contact-bar supported by said electromagnetic device and insulated therefrom, and means including said contact whereby each electro magnetic device will be operated to complete the circuit through said contactbar and light another lamp of its group when the circuit through the first lamp of said group is broken.

12. In a device of the character described, the combination of a target, an electromagnet adapted to hold the same in a normally inoperative position, a circuit-breaker, a step-by-step oscillating arm adapted to engage and operate said circuit-breaker to move the same positively both into and out of engagement to make and break the circuit.

13. In a device of the character described, the combination of a target, an electromagnet adapted to hold the same in a normally inoperative position, a circuit-breaker, a step-by-step oscillating arm adapted to engage and operate said circuit-breaker to move the same positively to both make and break the circuit, and means attached to said circuit-breaker for holding the same both when in and out of contact position.

14. In a device of the character described, the combination of a target, a plunger, electromagnets arranged in pairs and adapted to hold the same in a normally inoperative position, a circuit-breaker, an oscillating shaft, a ratchet-wheel mounted thereon, an operating-arm mounted on said shaft and adapted to engage and move said circuit-breaker posi tively both into and out of contact to make and break the circuit, another electromagnet, an armature pivotally mounted upon the same, and means carried by said armature for rotating said ratchet-wheel whereby said operating-arm will positively raise and disengage said circuit-breaker.

15. In a signaling device, the combination of a target, an electromagnet adapted to hold the same in a normally inoperative position, a circuit-breaker, an oscillating shaft, a ratchet-wheel mounted thereon, an operating-arm mounted on said shaft and adapted to engage and operate said circuit-breaker, a detent-wheel also mounted on said shaft, an electromagnet, an armature pivotally mounted on and adapted to be acted upon by both poles of said magnet, a pawl pivotally mounted to swing on links on said armature and adapted to engage and move said ratchet, and means independent of said detent for preventing the pawl from throwing the ratchet-wheel but one tooth at a time.

16. In a signaling device, the combination of a target, an electromagnet adapted to hold the same in a normally inoperative position, a circuit breaker, an oscillating shaft, a ratchet-wheel mounted thereon, an 'o erating-arm mounted on said shaft and a apted to engage and operate said circuit-breaker, a

air of electromagnets, an armature pivotally mounted on and adapted to be acted upon by both of said pair, a pawl pivotally mounted to move endwise on links on said armature and adapted to engage and move said ratchet, and means in said pawl for preventing said ratchet-wheel from moving but one tooth at a time.

17 In a signal, a target, an electromagnet for operating the same, an electric switch, a

shaft, a depending finger carried by said shaft and adapted to engage and actuate said switch to close or open the circuit of said target-magnet, a ratchet-wheel mounted on said shaft, a pair of electromagnets, an armature mounted on said latter magnets, a pawl mounted on said armature and adapted to engage and move said ratchet, and means in the hanging of said pawl whereby the stroke of the free end of the same will be increased automatically over its natural strokei 18. In a signal, a target, an electroma 'net for operating the same, an electric switc a shaft, a depending finger carried by said shaft and adapted to engage and actuate said switch to control the current to said targetmagnet, a ratchet-wheel mounted on said shaft, a pair of electromagnets,an armature mounted on said latter magnets, pivoted links, and a pawl supported from said armature by said links and adapted to engage and move said ratchet.

19. In a signal, a target, an electromagnet for operating the same, an'electric switch, a shaft, a depending finger carried by said shaft and adapted to engage and actuate said switch to control the current to said target-magnet, a ratchet-wheel mounted on said shaft, a pair of electromagnets, an armature mounted on said latter magnets, pivoted links, a pawl supported from said armature by said links and adapted to engage and move said ratchet, means for raising said pawl out of engagement with said ratchet when released by the magnets, and means on said pawl for preventing said ratchet from being thrown but one tooth. at a time.

20. In a signal, a target, an electromagnet for operating the same, an electric switch, a shaft, a depending finger carried by said shaft and adapted to engage and actuate said switch to control the current to said target-magnet, a ratchet-wheel mounted on said shaft, a pair of electromagnets, an armature mounted on said latter magnets, and

.a pawl supported on pivoted links from said armature and provided with an endwise movement, said links being so arranged as to increase the effective stroke of said pawl over its natural stroke.

21. In a signal, a target, an electromagnet for operating the same, an electric switch, a shaft, a depending finger carried by said shaft and adapted to engage 1 and actuate said switch to control the current to said target-magnet, a ratchet-wheel mounted on said shaft, a pair of electromagnets, an armature mounted on said latter magnets, a pawl supported from said armature and provided. with an endwise movement, a bar member supported on the armature, links connected to said pawl and bar whereby when said pawl swings forward its free end rises and its rear end falls and when said pawl swings backward its free end is drawn downward and its rear end rises with. relation to its supporting-bar to give a maximum stroke to the ratchet-wheel by a-minimum stroke of the armature.

22. In a signal, an electric switch, a shaft, a ratchet-wheel mounted on said shaft and provided with a double set of teeth, each set eing oppositely arranged, a depending finger carried by said shaft and adapted to engage said switch, a pair of magnets arranged on either side of said shaft, armatures pivotally mounted on each pair, and a pawl mounted on pivoted links on each armature and adapted to impart a step-by-step movement to said ratchet-wheel whereby the finger is oscillated.

23. In a signal, an electric switch, a shaft, a ratchet-wheel mounted on said shaft and provided with a double set of teeth, each set being oppositely arranged, a depending finger carried by said shaft and adapted to engage said switch, a pair of magnets arranged on either side of said shaft, armatures pivotally mounted on each pair, a pawl supported on pivoted links from each of said armatures and provided with an endwise movement whereby the effective stroke of said pawl is increased over its natural stroke, said pawls being adapted to impart a step-bystep movement to said ratchet-wheel whereby the finger is oscillated.

ment of the same to make and break the connection to the lamp, a center contact-pin at the pivoting-point of said arm, and a permanent electric connection to said rotatable contact-pin.

25. In a signaling device, the combination of a target, a plunger-electromagnet adapted to hold the same in a normally inoperative position, a drum pivotally held, flexible means connecting said drum to the plunger, a counterbalance-weight for supporting said plunger in its out position, an indicator-lamp, a contact-arm connected to and insulated from said drum and operated by the movement of the same to make and break the connection to the lamp, a center contact-pin rotatably held in theaxis of rotation of the drum, said pin being electrically connected to said arm, and a permanent electric connection to-said rotatable contact-pin.

26. In a signaling device, the combination of a target, a plunger-electromagnet adapted to hold the same in a normally inoperative position, a drum pivotally held, flexible means connecting said drum to said plunger,

a counterbalance-weight for supporting said plunger when in its out position, means whereby said plunger will assist in counterbalancing said target when the latter is in its normal position, an indicator-lamp, a contact-arm connected to and insulated from said drum and operated by the movement of the sameto make and break the connection to the lamp, a center contact-pin at the pivoting-point of said arm, and a permanent electric connection to said rotatable contactpin.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ALEXANDER BEVAN. Witnesses:

HOWARD E. E. I. OGDEN.

BARLOW, 

